Lord Caitanya Mahāprabhu Is Known As
Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu is the Supreme Personality of Godhead, and like Kṛṣṇa, He has unlimited names. However, the names He displayed during His manifest pastimes are particularly significant for understanding His mission. Śrīla Prabhupāda explains that whether He is addressed as Viśvambhara, Gaurāṅga, or Śrī Kṛṣṇa Caitanya, each name reveals a specific facet of His mercy upon the fallen souls.
Viśvambhara: The Maintainer
In His early life, before accepting the renounced order, the Lord was known as Viśvambhara. Śrīla Prabhupāda elucidates that viśvambhara refers to "one who maintains the entire universe." While Lord Viṣṇu maintains the material needs of the creation, Lord Caitanya, as Viśvambhara, maintains the spiritual life of all living entities by distributing the nectar of love of God.
- Before accepting sannyasa (the renounced order), Lord Caitanya was known as Visvambhara. The word visvambhara refers to one who maintains the entire universe and who leads all living entities.
- In His early pastimes He is known as Visvambhara because He floods the world with the nectar of devotion and thus saves the living beings.
- This maintainer and leader (Lord Caitanya who was known as Visvambhara) appeared as Lord Sri Krsna Caitanya to give humanity these sublime teachings.
Gaurāṅga: The Golden One
A vital theological point is the Lord's complexion. Because Kṛṣṇa appeared in the mood and luster of Śrīmatī Rādhārāṇī, He is known as Gaurāṅga ("golden-limbed"), Gaurasundara ("beautiful golden one"), and Gaurahari. Śrīla Prabhupāda notes that this golden complexion was historically predicted and signifies His role as the yuga-avatāra who teaches through saṅkīrtana.
- The prayers (of Rupa Gosvami and Vallabha) indicated that Lord Sri Krsna Caitanya Mahaprabhu was Krsna Himself, that He had assumed the form and fair complexion of Caitanya and was thus known as Gauranga - the golden one.
- He (Lord Krsna) exhibited His white and red complexions in the Satya and Treta ages respectively. He did not exhibit the remaining color, yellow-gold, until He appeared as Lord Caitanya, who is known as Gaura Hari.
- Lord Caitanya said: My dear Ramananda, I am not a different person with a fair complexion known as Gaurapurusa. I am the selfsame Krsna the son of Maharaja Nanda, and due to contact with the body of Srimati Radharani I have now assumed this form.
Śrī Kṛṣṇa Caitanya: The Sannyāsī
Upon accepting sannyāsa from Keśava Bhāratī, the Lord received the name Śrī Kṛṣṇa Caitanya. This name marks the beginning of His intense preaching and travel. As a sannyāsī, He is also known as mahā-vadānyāvatāra, the most magnanimous incarnation, because He freely gave what no other incarnation had ever given: pure love of Kṛṣṇa.
- On the next day (of Caitanya's accepting sannyasa) He became a regular sannyasi, with one rod (ekadanda). From that day on, His name was Sri Krsna Caitanya. Before that, He was known as Nimai Pandita.
- Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu is known as maha-vadanyavatara, the most magnanimous incarnation, for He does not consider the offenses of the fallen souls.
- In His later pastimes He is known as Lord Sri Krsna Caitanya. He blesses the whole world by teaching about the name and fame of Lord Sri Krsna.
Other Titles and Identities
The devotees address Him by many other titles based on His qualities. He is patita-pāvana (deliverer of the fallen), Nirmala Candra (the spotless moon), and even identified as Lord Rāmacandra by some due to His miraculous pastimes. Yet, Śrīla Prabhupāda reminds us that He is also the simple teacher, Nimāi Paṇḍita, who uses grammar to explain Kṛṣṇa.
- Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu is known as patita-pavana, the deliverer of all fallen souls.
- Nirmala means without any flaws or without contamination and Candra means moon. So the name Nirmala Candra refers specifically to Lord Caitanya who is known as the Spotless Moon of Gauda.
- After the seven palm trees had departed for Vaikuntha, everyone was astonished to see that they were gone. The people then began to say, "This sannyasi called Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu must be an incarnation of Lord Ramacandra."
Conclusion
The names of Lord Caitanya are not mere labels; they are mantras that invoke His presence. Śrīla Prabhupāda teaches that by chanting these names—Śrī Kṛṣṇa Caitanya, Gaurāṅga, Nityānanda—one purifies the heart and accesses the mercy of the Golden Avatāra. To know Him by His names is to know Him in truth.
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