Characteristics of Mode of Ignorance
The mode of ignorance (tamo-guṇa) is the darkest region of material existence. Śrīla Prabhupāda explains that just as light dispels darkness, knowledge dispels ignorance. However, for the conditioned soul covered by tamo-guṇa, knowledge is absent. This mode acts as a thick covering that deludes the living entity, making them accept irreligion as religion and misery as happiness. It is characterized by inertia, madness, and a distinct lack of spiritual or material ambition.
Laziness and Sleep
A primary symptom of the mode of ignorance is lethargy. While a person in passion is active and one in goodness is dutiful, a person in ignorance is lazy and prone to excessive sleep. Śrīla Prabhupāda notes that while six hours of sleep is sufficient, a person in this mode may sleep ten or twelve hours a day. They are often dejected, morose, and procrastinate in their duties. Their determination is only for dreaming and maintaining their illusion.
- A person in the mode of ignorance is lazy and prone to sleep a great deal. Such a person cannot perform yoga.
- Six hours of sleep is sufficient, but a man in the mode of ignorance sleeps at least ten or twelve hours a day. Such a man appears to be always dejected, and is addicted to intoxicants and sleeping.
- The lowest quality, the mode of ignorance, is described here (in BG 14.18) as abominable. The result of developing ignorance is very, very risky. It is the lowest quality in material nature.
Unclean Habits and Diet
The influence of ignorance extends to one's diet and lifestyle. Foods in the mode of ignorance are described as stale, tasteless, putrid, and decomposing. This includes meat, fish, eggs, and food that has been cooked more than three hours prior (unless it is prasādam). Intoxication is another hallmark of this mode. Śrīla Prabhupāda warns that such unclean habits lead to a degraded mentality and further entanglement in material nature.
- Food cooked more than three hours before being eaten, which is tasteless, stale, putrid, decomposed and unclean, is food liked by people in the mode of ignorance.
- Animal food is for those in the mode of ignorance. Therefore, those who indulge in animal food, drinking, smoking and eating food which is not first offered to Krsna will suffer sinful reactions because of eating only polluted things.
Worship of Spirits
Even religion is perverted by the mode of ignorance. Those under its spell do not worship the Supreme Lord or even the demigods; instead, they worship ghosts, spirits, and demons. This type of worship is often accompanied by unauthorized sacrifices, such as animal killing, which are performed for malevolent purposes or material gain. Śrīla Prabhupāda explains that this leads to birth among such ghostly species.
- Men in the mode of goodness worship the demigods; those in the mode of passion worship the demons; and those in the mode of ignorance worship ghosts and spirits.
- Those who are in the mode of passion worship and create such gods, and those who are in the mode of ignorance, in darkness, worship dead spirits. Sometimes people worship at the tomb of some dead man.
Degradation to Animal Life
The destination of a soul acting in the mode of ignorance is severe. The Bhagavad-gītā states that such persons go down to the hellish worlds or take birth in the animal kingdom. Because they have misused their human intelligence for sleeping and eating like animals, nature awards them an animal body in the next life to facilitate these propensities without restriction. This is the tragic loss of the human opportunity.
- Those situated in the mode of goodness gradually go upward to the higher planets; those in the mode of passion live on the earthly planets; and those in the mode of ignorance go down to the hellish worlds.
- When one dies in the mode of passion, he takes birth among those engaged in fruitive activities; and when he dies in the mode of ignorance, he takes birth in the animal kingdom.
Lord Śiva's Role
Lord Śiva is the presiding deity of tamo-guṇa. He is known as Bhūtanātha, the master of ghosts, because he compassionately gives shelter to the lowest classes of living beings who are rejected by others. Although he manages the mode of ignorance for the purpose of cosmic annihilation, Śrīla Prabhupāda clarifies that Lord Śiva himself is a pure devotee of Kṛṣṇa and is not contaminated by the mode he controls.
- Visnu takes charge of sattva-guna (the mode of goodness), Lord Brahma takes charge of rajo-guna (the mode of passion), and Lord Siva takes charge of tamo-guna - the mode of ignorance.
- Siva appeared to be like that, but his name, Siva, is actually fitting, for he is very kind to persons who are in the darkness of the mode of ignorance, such as unclean drunkards who do not regularly bathe.
Conclusion
The mode of ignorance is a dangerous trap that binds the soul to repeated birth and death in miserable conditions. Śrīla Prabhupāda advises that one must conquer this mode by developing the mode of goodness and ultimately transcending all modes through Kṛṣṇa consciousness. Simply by hearing about Kṛṣṇa, the covering of ignorance is removed, and the soul can begin its journey back to the spiritual world.
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Śrīla Prabhupāda lives within his instructions. This article is a summary of the profound truths found in the Vaniquotes category Mode of Ignorance. We invite you to visit this link to study the complete compilation and experience Śrīla Prabhupāda's teachings in their direct, verbatim form.
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